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The integrated management of vehicle, oil, and road is complex due to the vehicle's exhaust emission control

2022-03-08

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China's 2019 Mobile Source Environmental Management Yearbook, released by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, shows that in 2018, the national motor vehicle ownership reached 327 million, a year-on-year increase of 5.5%, with a total emission of four pollutants preliminarily calculated at 40.653 million tons. Emissions of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter exceeded 90% of total atmospheric pollution emissions.

This means that pollution from mobile sources such as motor vehicles has become a significant source of air pollution, and the main source of air pollution in many cities. In particular, the emission of nitrogen oxides from diesel vehicles is significant; data from relevant departments in Jiangsu Province shows that the emission of nitrogen oxides from motor vehicles accounts for about one-third of the total nitrogen oxide emissions in the city.

With the continuous advancement of the Blue Sky Protection Campaign, the control of motor vehicle exhaust has become a breakthrough point in air pollution control.

Against this backdrop, on July 1, 2019, the National Phase VI motor vehicle emission standards came into effect in key regions, the Pearl River Delta region, and the Chengdu-Chongqing region. Simultaneously, 6,113 motor vehicle emission inspection institutions nationwide implemented a three-tiered network monitoring system ('national-provincial-city'), and 639 remote sensing monitoring devices nationwide monitored motor vehicles.

In addition, regarding the control of nitrogen oxide emissions from diesel vehicles, the China Environmental Protection Industry Association has issued a targeted collaborative governance guideline—'Technical Guidelines for the Collaborative Governance of Particulate Matter and Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from In-use Diesel Vehicles (Draft for Comments)'—to strive for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions from the source.

However, this alone is insufficient to address motor vehicle exhaust pollution. As is well known, motor vehicle exhaust control involves multiple aspects, including 'vehicles, fuel, and roads'. Setting aside the 'vehicle' aspect for now, let's discuss 'roads' and 'fuel', and how these are being addressed.

“Roads”—Inspection

Vigorously conduct motor vehicle exhaust emission inspections, setting up roadside inspection and enforcement checkpoints to check on-site whether vehicles are equipped with exhaust treatment devices as required. On the other hand, many places utilize technological means, using motor vehicle exhaust remote sensing monitoring vehicles and setting up electronic capture fixed points for black smoke vehicles, to quickly inspect vehicle exhaust.

Recently, the Institute of Atmospheric Environment of the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences has developed a titanium dioxide technology for controlling road vehicle exhaust pollution. This technology uses titanium dioxide cement particles, which are paved on roads. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of nitrogen oxides on the road surface can reduce the concentration of nitrogen dioxide.

“Fuel”—Purification

Fuel quality also significantly impacts emission levels. Excess levels of certain chemical elements in substandard gasoline can severely damage exhaust after-treatment devices, reducing their purification capacity. This requires vehicles to refuel at regular gas stations with qualified fuel. In response to this situation, the national and local governments are actively carrying out special campaigns to address substandard fuel and illegal gas stations.

Finally, let's discuss the importance of 'vehicles' in motor vehicle exhaust control. The term 'vehicles' encompasses two major aspects: vehicle manufacturing and subsequent maintenance, which is often overlooked.

First, manufactured vehicles must meet current national emission standards and be equipped with exhaust treatment devices. The implementation of the National VI standard also places high demands on vehicle manufacturers. If a manufactured vehicle is found to have environmental defects, the manufacturer should implement a recall according to these regulations. Operators who are aware of environmental defects in motor vehicle products should also immediately stop selling vehicles with such defects.

Finally, another aspect that deserves attention: data shows that the effective lifespan of emission control devices for National IV and National V standard trucks is 200,000 kilometers or 6 years of use (whichever comes first), while the effective lifespan for National VI standards is 300,000 kilometers or 6 years.

However, some general exhaust treatment devices, due to wear and tear during use, are prone to causing vehicle exhaust to exceed standards. Therefore, regular maintenance is necessary. At the same time, attention should be paid to the use of automotive fuel and urea, which is a major measure for preventing motor vehicle exhaust pollution.

Air pollution control is a long-term process, and the same applies to motor vehicle exhaust control. Multiple measures and collaborative governance are required.

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